PSICOTERAPIA ASISTIDA CON PSILOCIBINA PARA EL TRATAMIENTO DE LA DEPRESIÓN Y LA ANSIEDAD EN PACIENTES CON CÁNCER POTENCIALMENTE MORTALES: UNA REVISIÓN DE LA LITERATURA
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.47820/recima21.v4i11.4311Palabras clave:
Psilocibina. Cáncer terminal. Psicodélico. Alucinógenos. Ansiedad. Depresión.Resumen
Introducción: La psilocibina es el principio activo de las setas de la especie Psilocybe cubensis, históricamente conocidas como setas mágicas. Es un agonista del receptor serotoninérgico 5HT2A. Su uso para el tratamiento del trastorno de ansiedad generalizada y la depresión en individuos con cáncer en etapa terminal muestra resultados prometedores en ensayos clínicos. Objetivo: Revisar la literatura sobre la eficacia y seguridad de la psicoterapia asistida con psilocibina para el tratamiento de la depresión y la ansiedad en pacientes con cáncer en riesgo de muerte. Método: Revisión bibliográfica mediante búsqueda en las bases de datos Pubmed y Medline, utilizando el término "psilocibina cancer". Se seleccionaron artículos que incluían pacientes oncológicos con riesgo de muerte por la enfermedad publicados entre 2011 y 2020. Solo se seleccionaron ensayos clínicos aleatorizados, doble ciego y controlados con placebo. Resultados: Solo 3 de los 143 artículos seleccionados cumplieron con los criterios de inclusión. Además de ser segura, los estudios han encontrado eficacia en el uso de la psilocibina para el tratamiento de los síntomas de ansiedad y depresión en pacientes. También hubo una mejora en el bienestar, el optimismo y una disminución en la angustia psicológica y existencial relacionada con el cáncer. Consideraciones: La psicoterapia asistida con psilocibina puede ser prometedora en el contexto de los cuidados paliativos de los pacientes con cáncer.
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