DEPRESIÓN EN ANCIANOS: FACTORES CONTRIBUYENTES E INTERVENCIONES TERAPÉUTICAS - REVISIÓN BIBLIOGRÁFICA
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.47820/recima21.v5i6.5383Palabras clave:
Depresión en los ancianos. Factores contribuyentes. Intervenciones terapéuticas. Prevalencia. Tratamiento.Resumen
La depresión en las personas mayores es un importante problema de salud pública, que afecta a entre el 10% y el 15% de esta población a nivel mundial. Los factores biológicos, psicológicos y sociales, incluidos los cambios neuroquímicos, las pérdidas significativas y el aislamiento social, agravados por las comorbilidades crónicas, contribuyen a este cuadro. Objetivo: Este artículo tiene como objetivo realizar una revisión bibliográfica sobre los factores que contribuyen a la depresión en el anciano y las intervenciones terapéuticas más efectivas. Métodos: Se realizó una revisión sistemática de la literatura en bases de datos como PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus y Google Scholar, abarcando las publicaciones desde 2004 hasta 2024. Los criterios de inclusión incluyeron estudios originales y revisiones sobre depresión en ancianos, en inglés, portugués o español. Se excluyeron los informes de casos, los editoriales y los estudios centrados en otras afecciones médicas. Resultados y Discusión: La prevalencia de depresión en el adulto mayor está influenciada por las condiciones socioeconómicas, el apoyo social y la salud física. Los factores biológicos incluyen cambios neuroquímicos y hormonales, mientras que los factores psicológicos abarcan pérdidas significativas y deterioro físico y cognitivo. El aislamiento social es un factor crítico. Las comorbilidades crónicas agravan el riesgo de depresión y complican el tratamiento. Las intervenciones farmacológicas, como los antidepresivos, son eficaces, pero requieren un tratamiento cuidadoso. Las terapias psicosociales, como la terapia cognitivo-conductual y la terapia de reminiscencia, son esenciales, al igual que los programas de apoyo social y las actividades comunitarias.
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