EXTRACTION OF ESSENTIAL OIL FROM THE STEM VANILLOSMOPSIS ARBOREA BAKER AND BIBLIOGRAPHIC REVIEW OF ITS BIOLOGICAL ACTIVITIES

Resumo

Essential oils are defined as volatile compounds that have strong aromatic components and that give a plant's characteristic odor, flavor or aroma. They are specially used as fragrances in the food and pharmaceutical industries, being extracted from various botanical sources. Vanillosmopsis arborea Baker, popularly known as the lamp, found in the Chapada do Araripe, has great economic value for this region due to its bioactive properties. It has been extensively investigated for its biological activities as well as its chemical aspect. It is a rich source of (-)-α-bisabolol, a sesquiterpene widely used in pharmaceutical industry in the preparation of cosmetics. The present work aimed to report the collection and extraction of essential oil from Vanillosmopsis arborea, as well as to make a systematic review of the literature of biological activities between the years 1989 and 2017. Oil was extraction by distillation system with Clevenger type apparatus and the yield calculated by gravimetry was performed. In parallel, a similar sample chromatogram obtained by the same extraction method, performed by chromatography coupled to mass spectroscopy, the content of (-)-α-bisabolol was analyzed and calculated. As a result, the oil presented a content of 94.17% of (-)-α-bisabolol higher than in chamomile oil.