DIAGNOSIS OF VERTICAL ROOT FRACTURE: A LITERATURE REVIEW
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.47820/recima21.v4i2.2743Keywords:
Vertical root fracture; Diagnosis; CT scan.Abstract
The objective of the present article was to identify the main factors associated with vertical root fracture, and to present the main diagnostic methods with an emphasis on computed tomography, also making a comparison of quantitative in vitro and in vivo studies, regarding sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of the diagnostic technique. Methodology: A search was carried out for articles published between 2011-2021 in Lilacs and Pubmed databases. Of the 446 records found, 38 articles were chosen to compose the integrative bibliographic revision. Vertical root fracture has a higher incidence in female patients, over 40 years old and previously submitted to a previous endodontic treatment. Maxillary premolars and mandibular molars tend to be the most affected. Regarding signs and symptoms, pain, sinus tract, periodontal abscess or swelling, and periapical radiolucencies and a J-shaped halo are common findings. Cone-beam computed tomography was shown to be the most appropriate non-invasive method
for detecting root fractures. The technique stands out for production of high-resolution 3D images that allow the precise visualization of fracture lines. On the other hand, in teeth filled with radiopaque materials, such as guta-percha and metallic pins, it is common for distortions to occur with the production of artifacts, which significantly reduce the diagnostic power. Furthermore, there are differences between the detection power in vitro and in vivo. Cone beam computed tomography, despite being superior, still has limitations, especially in teeth endodontically treated with metal pins and filled with dense material.
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