THE INEFFECTIVENESS OF INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION IN COMBATING HUMAN AND ORGAN TRAFFICKING: LEGAL AND OPERATIONAL LIMITS TO THE IMPLEMENTATION OF THE PALERMO PROTOCOL

Abstract

This paper aims to investigate the ineffectiveness of international cooperation in combating human trafficking and organ trafficking, with an emphasis on the legal challenges and operational challenges present in the implementation of the Palermo Protocol. Trafficking in human beings, especially for prostitution, forced labor and organ trafficking, is one of the most serious human rights violations and a transnational crime that requires a coordinated response between countries. Although there are international treaties and conventions, such as the Palermo Protocol, aimed at tackling this problem, the effectiveness of these initiatives has been limited, mainly due to legal barriers, discrepancies in national legislation, lack of resources and adequate training for the competent authorities. The study and research focuses on the difficulties countries face in implementing public policies, the weaknesses of governance and supervision systems and the impact of political and cultural differences on cross-border cooperation. At the end, suggestions are made for overcoming these shortcomings, with a view to creating a more effective system of international cooperation in the fight against human trafficking and organ trafficking, with the guarantee of the full protection of human rights and the effective punishment of offenders.