ANTIMICROBIAL POTENTIAL OF PLANT EXTRACTS WITH A FOCUS ON DENTISTRY
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.47820/recima21.v5i11.5843Keywords:
Periodontal therapy, Natural products, biofilmAbstract
Periodontitis is a complex multifactorial disease, with the microbial component playing an essential role in its etiology and progression. Periodontal treatment involves mechanical control of supragingival and subgingival biofilms, but not all patients respond predictably to treatment. In this way, chemical control of biofilm helps to reduce periodontal pathogens during treatment or delay bacterial recolonization after scaling and root planning. Several products have been studied as adjuvant therapy and have shown satisfactory results. Among them, natural products are reaching a promising level. Therefore, the objective of this literature review is to evaluate the antimicrobial potential of plant extracts on the oral microbiota. The biological effects of propolis, Aloe vera, green tea, cranberry, calendula, myrrh and sage support their use in oral cavity. The antimicrobial action in controlling subgingival biofilm in patients with periodontitis is worth highlighting. These substances also have anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities. Despite the encouraging results for the use of natural products in oral hygiene, further studies are necessary in order to confirm their clinical application through well-designed clinical studies.
Downloads
References
AAS, J. A.; PASTER, B. J.; STOKES, L. N.; OLSEN, I, Dewhirst FE. Defining the normal bacterial flora of the oral cavity. J Clin Microbiol., v. 43, p. 5721-5732, 2005. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1128/JCM.43.11.5721-5732.2005
ALHARTHI, S. S.; BINSHABAIB, M.; SAAD ALMASOUD, N.; SHAWKY, H. A.; AABED, K. F.; ALOMAR, T. S.; ALBREKAN, A. B.; ALFAIFI, A. J.; MELAIBARI, A. A. Myrrh mixed with silver nanoparticles demonstrates superior antimicrobial activity against Porphyromonas gingivalis compared to myrrh and silver nanoparticles alone. Saudi Dent J., v. 33, n. 8, p. 890-896, 2021;. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sdentj.2021.09.009
ALI, S.; WAHBI, W. The efficacy of aloe vera in management of oral lichen planus: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Oral Dis., v. 23, n. 7, p. 913-918, 2017. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/odi.12631
AXELSSON, P.; NYSTRÖM, B.; LINDHE, J. The long-term effect of a plaque control program on tooth mortality, caries and periodontal disease in adults. Results after 30 years of maintenance. J Clin Periodontol., v. 31, n. 9, p. 749-57, 2004. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-051X.2004.00563.x
BOLLAIN, J.; PULCINI, A.; SANZ-SÁNCHEZ, I.; FIGUERO, E.; ALONSO, B.; SANZ, M.; HERRERA, D. Efficacy of a 0.03% chlorhexidine and 0.05% cetylpyridinium chloride mouth rinse in reducing inflammation around the teeth and implants: a randomized clinical trial. Clin Oral Investig., v. 25, n. 4, p. 1729-1741, 2021. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00784-020-03474-3
BUENO-SILVA, B.; KAWAMOTO, D.; ANDO-SUGUIMOTO, E. S.; CASARIN, R. C. V.; ALENCAR, S. M.; ROSALEN, P. L.; MAYER, M. P. A. Brazilian red propolis effects on peritoneal macrophage activity: Nitric oxide, cell viability, pro-inflammatory cytokines and gene expression. J Ethnopharmacol., v. 207, p. 100-107, 2017. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2017.06.015
BUENO-SILVA, B.; KIAUSINUS, K. R.; GONÇALVES, F. J. D. S.; MOREIRA, M. V. C.; DE OLIVEIRA, E. G.; BRUGNERA JUNIOR, A.; FERES, M.; FIGUEIREDO, L. C. Antimicrobial activity of Desplac® oral gel in the subgingival multispecies biofilm formation. Front Microbiol., v. 14, p. 1122051, 2023. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2023.1122051
CAMPO FERNÁNDEZ, M.; CUESTA-RUBIO, O.; ROSADO PEREZ, A.; MONTES, O. C. A.; PORTO, R.; MÁRQUEZ HERNÁNDEZ, I.; PICCINELLI, A. L.; RASTRELLI, L. GC-MS determination of isoflavonoids in seven red Cuban propolis samples. J Agric Food Chem., v. 56, n. 21, p. 9927-9932, 2008. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1021/jf801870f
CHANDRAHAS, B.; JAYAKUMAR, A.; NAVEEN, A.; BUTCHIBABU, K.; REDDY, P. K.; MURALIKRISHNA, T. A randomized, double-blind clinical study to assess the antiplaque and antigingivitis efficacy of Aloe vera mouth rinse. J Indian Soc Periodontol., v. 16, n. 4, p. 543-548, 2012. DOI: https://doi.org/10.4103/0972-124X.106905
COSTA, X.; LAGUNA, E.; HERRERA, D.; SERRANO, J.; ALONSO, B.; SANZ, M. Efficacy of a new mouth rinse formulation based on 0.07% cetylpyridinium chloride in the control of plaque and gingivitis: A 6-month randomized clinical trial. J Clin Periodontol., v. 40, p. 1007-1015, 2013. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/jcpe.12158
CUGINI, M. A.; HAFFAJEE, A. D.; SMITH, C.; KENT, J.; R. R. L.; SOCRANSKY, S. S. The effect of scaling and root planing on the clinical and microbiological parameters of periodontal diseases: 12-month results. J Clin Periodontol., v. 27, n. 30-36, 2000. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1034/j.1600-051x.2000.027001030.x
CUMMING, B.R.; LÖE, H. Optimal dosage and method of delivering chlorhexidine solutions for the inhibition of dental plaque. J Periodontal Res., v. 8, n. 2, p. 57-62, 1973. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0765.1973.tb00751.x
DA COSTA, L. F. N. P.; AMARAL, C. D. S. F.; BARBIRATO, D. D. S.; LEÃO, A. T. T.; FOGACCI, M. F. Chlorhexidine mouthwash as an adjunct to mechanical therapy in chronic periodontitis: A meta-analysis. J Am Dent Assoc., v. 148, n. 5, p. 308-318, 2017. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.adaj.2017.01.021
DE FIGUEIREDO, K. A.; DA SILVA, H. D. P.; MIRANDA, S. L. F.; GONÇALVES, F. J. D. S.; DE SOUSA, A. P.; DE FIGUEIREDO, L. C.; FERES, M.; BUENO-SILVA, B. Brazilian red propolis Is as effective as amoxicillin in controlling red-complex of multispecies subgingival mature biofilm in vitro. Antibiotics (Basel), v. 9, n. 8, p. 432, 2020. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics9080432
DHINGRA, K. Aloe vera herbal dentifrices for plaque and gingivitis control: a systematic review. Oral Dis., v. 20, n. 3, p. 254-267, 2014. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/odi.12113
DONOS, N.; CALCIOLARI, E.; BRUSSELAERS, N.; GOLDONI, M.; BOSTANCI, N.; BELIBASAKIS, G. N. The adjunctive use of host modulators in non-surgical periodontal therapy. A systematic review of randomized, placebo-controlled clinical studies. J Clin Periodontol., v. 7, p. 199-238, 2020. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/jcpe.13232
EBANI, V. V.; BERTELLONI, F.; NAJAR, B.; NARDONI, S.; PISTELLI, L.; MANCIANTI, F. Antimicrobial activity of essential oils against Staphylococcus and Malassezia Strains isolated from canine dermatitis. Microorganisms., v. 8, n. 2, p. 252, 2020. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms8020252
EL ASHRY, E. S.; RASHED, N.; SALAMA, O. M.; SALEH, A. Components, therapeutic value and uses of myrrh. Pharmazie., v. 58, n. 3, p. 163-168, 2003.
EMMANUEL, R.; PALANISAMY, S.; CHEN, S. M.; CHELLADURAI, K.; PADMAVATHY, S.; SARAVANAN, M.; PRAKASH, P.; AJMAL ALI, M.; AL-HEMAID, F. M. Antimicrobial efficacy of green synthesized drug blended silver nanoparticles against dental caries and periodontal disease causing microorganisms. Mater Sci Eng C Mater Biol Appl., v. 56, p. 374-379, 2015. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.msec.2015.06.033
FAVERI, M.; GURSKY, L. C.; FERES, M.; SHIBLI, J. A.; SALVADOR, S. L.; FIGUEIREDO, L. C. Scaling and root planing and chlorhexidine mouthrinses in the treatment of chronic periodontitis: A randomized, placebo-controlled clinical trial. J Clin Periodontol., v. 33, p. 819-828, 2006. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-051X.2006.00994.x
FERES, M.; FIGUEIREDO, L. C.; SOARES, G. M.; FAVERI, M. Systemic antibiotics in the treatment of periodontitis. Periodontology 2000., v. 67, p. 131-186, 2015. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/prd.12075
FERES, M.; GURSKY, L. C.; FAVERI, M.; TSUZUKI, C. O.; FIGUEIREDO, L. C. Clinical and microbiological benefits of strict supragingival plaque control as part of the active phase of periodontal therapy. J Clin Periodontol., v. 36, p. 857-867, 2009. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-051X.2009.01471.x
FERES, M.; SOARES, G. M.; MENDES, J. A.; SILVA, M. P.; FAVERI, M.; TELES, R.; SOCRANSKY, S. S.; FIGUEIREDO, L. C. Metronidazole alone or with amoxicillin as adjuncts to non-surgical treatment of chronic periodontitis: A 1-year double-blinded, placebo-controlled, randomized clinical trial. J Clin Periodontol., v. 39, p. 1149-1158, 2012. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/jcpe.12004
FLÖTRA, L.; GJERMO, P.; RÖLLA, G.; WAERHAUG, J. Side effects of chlorhexidine mouth washes. Scand J Dent Res., v. 79, n. 2, p. 119-125, 1971. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0722.1971.tb02001.x
FREIRES, I. A.; BUENO-SILVA, B.; GALVÃO, L. C.; DUARTE, M. C.; SARTORATTO, A.; FIGUEIRA, G. M.; DE ALENCAR, S. M.; ROSALEN, P. L. The effect of essential oils and bioactive fractions on Streptococcus mutans and Candida albicans biofilms: A confocal analysis. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med., v. 2015, p. 871316, 2015. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1155/2015/871316
GALARRAGA-VINUEZA, M. E.; DOHLE, E.; RAMANAUSKAITE, A.; AL-MAAWI, S.; OBREJA, K.; MAGINI, R.; SADER, R.; GHANAATI, S.; SCHWARZ, F. Anti-inflammatory and macrophage polarization effects of Cranberry Proanthocyanidins (PACs) for periodontal and peri-implant disease therapy. J Periodontal Res., v. 55, n. 6, p. 821-829, 2020. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/jre.12773
GARCÍA-GARGALLO, M.; ZURLOHE, M.; MONTERO, E.; ALONSO, B.; SERRANO, J.; SANZ, M.; HERRERA, D. Evaluation of new chlorhexidine- and cetylpyridinium chloride-based mouthrinse formulations adjunctive to scaling and root planing: pilot study. Int J Dent Hyg., v. 15, n. 4, p. 269-279, 2017. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/idh.12254
GRAVES, D. Cytokines that promote periodontal tissue destruction. J Periodontol., v. 79, p. 1585-1591, 2008. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1902/jop.2008.080183
HAFFAJEE, A. D.; CUGINI, M. A.; DIBART, S.; SMITH, C.; KENT JR, R. L.; SOCRANSKY, S. S. Clinical and microbiological features of subjects with adult periodontitis who responded poorly to scaling and root planing. J Clin Periodontol., v. 24, p. 767-776, 1997. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-051X.1997.tb00195.x
HAJISHENGALLIS, G.; LAMONT, R. J. Beyond the red complex and into more complexity: The polymicrobial synergy and dysbiosis (PSD) model of periodontal disease etiology. Mol Oral Microbiol., v. 27, p. 409-419, 2012. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.2041-1014.2012.00663.x
HAJISHENGALLIS, G. Periodontitis: From microbial immune subversion to systemic inflammation. Nat Rev Immunol., v. 15, p. 30-44, 2015. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/nri3785
HALBOUB, E.; AL-MAWERI, S. A.; AL-WESABI, M.; AL-KAMEL, A.; SHAMALA, A.; AL-SHARANI, A.; KOPPOLU, P. Efficacy of propolis-based mouthwashes on dental plaque and gingival inflammation: a systematic review. BMC Oral Health., v. 20, n. 1, p. 198, 2020. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s12903-020-01185-5
HAPS, S.; SLOT. D.E.; BERCHIER, C. E.; VAN DER WEIJDEN, G. A. The effect of cetylpyridinium chloride-containing mouth rinses as adjuncts to toothbrushing on plaque and parameters of gingival inflammation: A systematic review. Int J Dent Hyg., v. 6, p. 290-303, 2008. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1601-5037.2008.00344.x
JAMES, P.; WORTHINGTON, H. V.; PARNELL, C.; HARDING, M.; LAMONT, T.; CHEUNG, A. et al. Chlorhexidine mouthrinse as an adjunctive treatment for gingival health. Cochrane Database Syst Rev., v. 3, p. CD008676, 2017. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/14651858.CD008676.pub2
KARPIŃSKI, T. M.; SZKARADKIEWICZ, A. K. Chlorhexidine-pharmaco-biological activity and application. Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci., v. 19, n. 7, p. 1321-1326, 2015.
KIANI, S.; BIRANG, R.; JAMSHIDIAN, N. Effect of Propolis mouthwash on clinical periodontal parameters in patients with gingivitis: A double-blinded randomized clinical trial. Int J Dent Hyg., v. 20, n. 2, p. 434-440, 2022. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/idh.12550
KINANE, D. F.; STATHOPOULOU, P. G.; PAPAPANOU, P. N. Periodontal diseases. Nat Rev Dis Prim., v. 3, p. 17038, 2017. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/nrdp.2017.38
KNIGHT, E. T.; LIU, J.; SEYMOUR, G. J.; FAGGION JR, C. M.; CULLINAN, M. P. Risk factors that may modify the innate and adaptive immune responses in periodontal diseases. Periodontology., v. 71, p. 22-51, 2016. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/prd.12110
KOLAC, U. K.; USTUNER, M. C.; TEKIN, N.; USTUNER, D.; COLAK, E.; ENTOK, E. The anti-Inflammatory and antioxidant effects of Salvia officinalis on lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammation in rats. J Med Food., v. 20, n. 12, p. 1193-1200, 2017. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1089/jmf.2017.0035
KONG, C.; ZHANG, H.; LI, L.; LIU, Z. Effects of green tea extract epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) on oral disease-associated microbes: a review. J Oral Microbiol., v. 14, n. 1, p. 2131117, 2022. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/20002297.2022.2131117
KONTOGIANNI, V. G.; TOMIC, G.; NIKOLIC, I.; NERANTZAKI, A. A.; SAYYAD, N.; STOSIC-GRUJICIC, S.; STOJANOVIC, I.; GEROTHANASSIS, I. P.; TZAKOS, A. G. Phytochemical profile of Rosmarinus officinalis and Salvia officinalis extracts and correlation to their antioxidant and anti-proliferative activity. Food Chem., v. 136, n. 1, p. 120-129, 2013. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2012.07.091
KUMAR, S.; PATEL, S.; TADAKAMADLA, J.; TIBDEWAL, H.; DURAISWAMY, P.; KULKARNI, S. Effectiveness of a mouthrinse containing active ingredients in addition to chlorhexidine and triclosan compared with chlorhexidine and triclosan rinses on plaque, gingivitis, supragingival calculus and extrinsic staining. Int J Dent Hyg., v. 11, p. 35-40, 2013. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1601-5037.2012.00560.x
LAUGISCH, O.; RAMSEIER, C. A.; SALVI, G. E.; HÄGI, T. T.; BÜRGIN, W.; EICK, S.; SCULEAN, A. Effects of two different post-surgical protocols including either 0.05 % chlorhexidine herbal extract or 0.1 % chlorhexidine on post-surgical plaque control, early wound healing and patient acceptance following standard periodontal surgery and implant placement. Clin Oral Investig., v. 20, n. 8, p. 2175-2183, 2016. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00784-016-1713-7
LAZAR, V.; SAVIUC, C. M.; CHIFIRIUC, M. C. Periodontitis and periodontal disease - Innovative strategies for reversing the chronic infectious and inflammatory condition by natural products. Curr Pharm Des., v. 22, n. 2, p. 230-237, 2016. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2174/138161282202151221124307
LEE, S. S.; ZHANG, W.; LI, Y. The antimicrobial potential of 14 natural herbal dentifrices: results of an in vitro diffusion method study. J Am Dent Assoc.; v. 135, n. 8, p. 1133-1141, 2004. Erratum in: J Am Dent Assoc., v. 136, n. 5, p. 586, 2005. DOI: https://doi.org/10.14219/jada.archive.2004.0372
LIMA CAVENDISH, R.; DE SOUZA SANTOS, J.; BELO NETO, R.; OLIVEIRA PAIXÃO, A.; VALÉRIA OLIVEIRA, J.; DIVINO DE ARAUJO, E.; BERRETTA E SILVA, A. A.; MARIA THOMAZZI, S.; CORDEIRO CARDOSO, J.; ZANARDO GOMES, M. Antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory effects of Brazilian red propolis extract and formononetin in rodents. J Ethnopharmacol., v. 173, p. 127-133, 2015. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2015.07.022
MACEDO, T. T.; MALAVAZI, L. M.; VARGAS, G. Q.; GONÇALVES, F. J. D. S.; GOMES, A. P. A. P.; BUENO, M. R.; AGUIAR DA SILVA, L. D.; FIGUEIREDO, L. C.; BUENO-SILVA, B. Combination of neovestitol and vestitol Modifies the profile of periodontitis-related subgingival multispecies biofilm. Biomedicines, v. 12, n. 6, p. 1189, 2024. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines12061189
MANGAIYARKARASI, S. P.; MANIGANDAN, T.; ELUMALAI, M.; CHOLAN, P. K.; KAUR, R. P. Benefits of Aloe vera in dentistry. J Pharm Bioallied Sci., v. 7, Suppl 1, p. S255-9, 2015. DOI: https://doi.org/10.4103/0975-7406.155943
MARSH, P. D.; DEVINE, D. A. How is the development of dental biofilms influenced by the host? J Clin Periodontol., v. 38, p. 28-35, 2011. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-051X.2010.01673.x
MENDES, F. S. F.; GARCIA, L. M.; MORAES, T. D. S.; CASEMIRO, L. A.; ALCÂNTARA, C. B.; AMBRÓSIO, S. R.; VENEZIANI, R. C. S.; MIRANDA, M. L. D.; MARTINS, C. H. G. Antibacterial activity of Salvia officinalis L. against periodontopathogens: An in vitro study. Anaerobe., v. 63, p. 102194, 2020. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.anaerobe.2020.102194
MIRANDA, S. L. F.; DAMACENO, J. T.; FAVERI, M.; FIGUEIREDO, L. C.; SOARES, G. M. S.; FERES, M.; BUENO-SILVA, B. In vitro antimicrobial effect of cetylpyridinium chloride on complex multispecies subgingival biofilm. Braz Dent J., v. 31, n. 2, p. 103-108, 2020. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1590/0103-6440202002630
MIRANDA, S. L. F.; DAMASCENO, J. T.; FAVERI, M.; FIGUEIREDO, L.; DA SILVA, H. D.; ALENCAR, S. M. A.; ROSALEN, P. L.; FERES, M.; BUENO-SILVA, B. Brazilian red propolis reduces orange-complex periodontopathogens growing in multispecies biofilms. Biofouling, v. 35, n. 3, p. 308-319, 2019. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/08927014.2019.1598976
MODESTO, A.; LIMA, K. C.; DE UZEDA, M. Effects of three different infant dentifrices on biofilms and oral microorganisms. J Clin Pediatr Dent., v. 24, n. 3, p. 237-243, 2000.
NAWROT-HADZIK, I.; MATKOWSKI, A.; HADZIK, J.; DOBROWOLSKA-CZOPOR, B.; OLCHOWY, C.; DOMINIAK, M.; KUBASIEWICZ-ROSS, P. Proanthocyanidins and flavan-3-Ols in the prevention and treatment of periodontitis-antibacterial effects. Nutrients, v. 13, n. 1, p. 165, 2021. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/nu13010165
NEMZER, B. V.; AL-TAHER, F.; YASHIN, A.; REVELSKY, I.; YASHIN, Y. Cranberry: Chemical composition, antioxidant activity and impact on human health: Overview. Molecules, v. 27, n. 5, p. 1503, 2022. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules27051503
NEWMAN, D. J.; CRAGG, G. M. Natural products as sources of new drugs over the nearly four decades from 01/1981 to 09/2019. J Nat Prod., v. 83, n. 3, p. 770-803, 2020. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jnatprod.9b01285
NEWSOME, B. J.; PETRIELLO, M. C.; HAN, S. G.; MURPHY, M. O.; ESKE, K. E.; SUNKARA, M.; MORRIS, A. J.; HENNIG, B. Green tea diet decreases PCB 126-induced oxidative stress in mice by up-regulating antioxidant enzymes. J Nutr Biochem., v. 25, n. 2, p. 126-135, 2014. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jnutbio.2013.10.003
OHISHI, T.; GOTO, S.; MONIRA, P.; ISEMURA, M.; NAKAMURA, Y. Anti-inflammatory action of green tea. Antiinflammatory Antiallergy Agents Med Chem., v. 15, n. 2, p. 74-90, 2016. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2174/1871523015666160915154443
PAPAPANOU, P. N.; SANZ, M.; BUDUNELI, N.; DIETRICH, T.; FERES, M.; FINE, D. H.; FLEMMIG, T. F.; GARCIA, R.; GIANNOBILE, W. V.; GRAZIANI, F. et al. Periodontitis: Consensus report of workgroup 2 of the 2017 world workshop on the classification of periodontal and peri-Implant diseases and conditions. J Periodontol., v. 89, p. S173-S182, 2018. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/JPER.17-0721
PATTNAIK, N.; MOHANTY, R.; SATPATHY, A.; NAYAK, R.; SHAMIM, R.; PRAHARAJ, A. K. Aloe vera mouthwashes can be a natural alternative to chemically formulated ones - A randomized-controlled trial. J Taibah Univ Med Sci., v. 17, n. 3, p. 424-432, 2021. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jtumed.2021.10.006
POLAK, D.; NADDAF, R.; SHAPIRA, L.; WEISS, E. I.; HOURI-HADDAD, Y. Protective potential of non-dialyzable material fraction of cranberry juice on the virulence of P. gingivalis and F. nucleatum mixed infection. J Periodontol., v. 84, p. 1019-1025, 2013. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1902/jop.2012.120331
POPA, M.; MĂRUȚESCU, L.; OPREA, E.; BLEOTU, C.; KAMERZAN, C.; CHIFIRIUC, M. C.; GRĂDIȘTEANU PIRCALABIORU, G. In vitro evaluation of the antimicrobial and immunomodulatory activity of culinary herb essential oils as potential perioceutics. Antibiotics (Basel), v. 9, n. 7, p. 428, 2020. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics9070428
RODRIGUES, M. C.; ROLIM, W. R.; VIANA, M. M.; SOUZA, T. R.; GONÇALVES, F.; TANAKA, C. J.; BUENO-SILVA, B.; SEABRA, A. B. Biogenic synthesis and antimicrobial activity of silica-coated silver nanoparticles for esthetic dental applications. J Dent., v. 96, p. 103327, 2020. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jdent.2020.103327
SILVA, B. B.; ROSALEN, P. L.; CURY, J. A.; IKEGAKI, M.; SOUZA, V. C.; ESTEVES, A.; ALENCAR, S. M. Chemical composition and botanical origin of red propolis, a new type of brazilian propolis. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med, v. 5, n. 3, p. 313-316, 2008. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/ecam/nem059
SIMON-SORO, A.; TOMAS, I.; CABRERA-RUBIO, R.; CATALAN, M. D.; NYVAD, B.; MIRA, A. Microbial geography of the oral cavity. J Dent Res., v. 92, p. 616–621, 2013. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/0022034513488119
SOCRANSKY, S. S.; HAFFAJEE, A. D.; CUGINI, M. A.; SMITH, C.; KENT JR, R. L. Microbial complexes in subgingival plaque. J Clin Periodontol., v. 25, p. 134-144, 1998. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-051X.1998.tb02419.x
SOCRANSKY, S. S.; HAFFAJEE, A. D. Dental biofilms: Difficult therapeutic targets. Periodontology 2000, v. 28, p. 12-55, 2002. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1034/j.1600-0757.2002.280102.x
SOCRANSKY, S. S.; HAFFAJEE, A. D. Periodontal microbial ecology. Periodontology 2000, v. 38, p. 135-187, 2005. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0757.2005.00107.x
TARTAGLIA, G. M.; KUMAR, S.; FORNARI, C. D.; CORTI, E.; CONNELLY, S. T. Mouthwashes in the 21st century: a narrative review about active molecules and effectiveness on the periodontal outcomes. Expert Opin Drug Deliv., v. 14, n. 8, p. 973-982, 2017. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/17425247.2017.1260118
TEUGHELS, W.; FERES, M.; OUD, V.; MARTIN, C.; MATESANZ, P.; HERRERA, D. Adjunctive effect of systemic antimicrobials in periodontitis therapy. A systematic review and meta-analysis. J Clin Periodontol., v. 47, p. 257-281, 2020. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/jcpe.13264
UTTER, D. R.; MARK WELCH, J. L.; BORISY, G. G. Individuality, stability, and sariability of the plaque microbiome. Front Microbiol., v. 7, p. 564, 2016. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2016.00564
VAJRABHAYA, L. O.; KORSUWANNAWONG, S.; RUANGSAWASDI, N.; PHRUKSANIYOM, C.; SRICHAN, R. The efficiency of natural wound healing and bacterial biofilm inhibition of Aloe vera and sodium chloride toothpaste preparation. BMC Complement Med Ther., v. 22, n. 1, p. 66, 2022. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s12906-022-03548-7
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
License
Copyright (c) 2024 RECIMA21 - Revista Científica Multidisciplinar - ISSN 2675-6218
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Os direitos autorais dos artigos/resenhas/TCCs publicados pertecem à revista RECIMA21, e seguem o padrão Creative Commons (CC BY 4.0), permitindo a cópia ou reprodução, desde que cite a fonte e respeite os direitos dos autores e contenham menção aos mesmos nos créditos. Toda e qualquer obra publicada na revista, seu conteúdo é de responsabilidade dos autores, cabendo a RECIMA21 apenas ser o veículo de divulgação, seguindo os padrões nacionais e internacionais de publicação.
Clique para ver detalhes 
