RESISTENCIA A LOS ANTIMICROBIANOS POST-COVID-19: REVISIÓN DE LA LITERATURA
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.47820/recima21.v3i3.1266Palabras clave:
COVID-19, Infecciones, ResistenciaResumen
El nuevo coronavirus llega a las células del tracto respiratorio inferior, iniciando un proceso inflamatorio. Ante esta infección, le corresponde al sistema inmunitario la eliminación de agentes, la homeostasis celular, y la generación de inmunidad de memoria. Cuando hay una falla en esta vía, este sistema encuentra una serie de dificultades para el restablecimiento del equilibrio, además de infecciones secundarias, lo que lleva a complicaciones clínicas adicionales. Así, este estudio buscó abordar la respuesta inmune al Sars-CoV-2, y las principales infecciones secundarias post-Covid y la resistencia antimicrobiana en este contexto. Esta es una revisión de literatura basada en el análisis de revistas de las siguientes plataformas académicas: Google Scholar, PubMed, Science Direct, SciELO y Scopus. La investigación se acotó en un rango de 2003 a 2021, utilizando como herramienta de búsqueda las palabras clave COVID-19; Respuesta inmune; Infecciones; Resistencia. Los resultados obtenidos en los estudios demuestran el impacto de las infecciones secundarias en la mortalidad, así, entre las principales infecciones se destacan las infecciones bacterianas (84%), incluyendo principalmente a los agentes: Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Clostridioides difficile y Mycoplasma pneumoniae. En cuanto a las infecciones fúngicas secundarias, Aspergillus sp. y Candida afectaron principalmente a pacientes en estado crítico. Con base en los datos, un problema evidente fue la dificultad para identificar el agente causante de la infección secundaria, resultando en un escenario de uso intensivo de antibióticos de amplio espectro, contribuyendo a la selección de patógenos resistentes y, de manera controvertida, al empeoramiento del pronóstico de la enfermedad paciente.
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