RESISTÊNCIA ANTIMICROBIANA PÓS-COVID-19: REVISÃO DE LITERATURA
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.47820/recima21.v3i3.1266Palavras-chave:
COVID-19, Infecções, ResistênciaResumo
O novo Coronavírus atinge as células do trato respiratório inferior, iniciando um processo inflamatório. Diante dessa infecção, compete ao sistema imune a eliminação de agentes, a homeostasia celular, reparação tecidual e geração de imunidade de memória. Quando há uma falha nessa via, esse sistema encontra uma série de dificuldades para a retomada do equilíbrio, além de infecções secundárias, levando a complicações clínicas adicionais. Assim, este estudo buscou abordar a resposta imunológica frente ao Sars-CoV-2, e as principais infecções secundárias pós-Covid (bacterianas e fúngicas) e a resistência antimicrobiana nesse contexto. Trata-se de uma revisão de literatura realizada a partir da análise de periódicos provenientes das seguintes plataformas acadêmicas: Google Acadêmico, Center for Biotechnology Information (PubMed), Science Direct, Biblioteca eletrônica Scientific Eletronic Library Online (SciELO) e Scopus. A pesquisa foi delimitada em um intervalo de 2003 a 2021, usando como ferramenta de busca palavras-chaves COVID-19; Resposta imunológica; Infecções bacterianas; Infecções fúngicas; Resistência. Os resultados obtidos nos estudos demonstram o impacto das infecções secundárias na mortalidade, com isso, dentre as principais infecções, se destacam as bacterianas (84%), incluindo principalmente os agentes: Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Clostridioides difficile e Mycoplasma pneumoniae. Quanto às infecções secundárias fúngicas, as espécies Aspergillus sp. e Candida acometeram principalmente pacientes em estado grave. Com base nos dados, uma problemática evidente foi à dificuldade de identificação do agente causador da infecção secundária, acarretando em cenário de intensa utilização de antibióticos de amplo espectro, contribuindo para a seleção de patógenos resistentes e, de maneira controversa, a piora no prognóstico do paciente.
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