FACTORES DESENCADENANTES DE LA CONJUNTIVITIS ALÉRGICA EN NIÑOS Y ADOLESCENTES: REVISIÓN INTEGRADORA
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.47820/recima21.v3i12.2288Palabras clave:
desencadenantes de la conjuntivitis alérgica en niños y adolescentesResumen
Objetivo: mapear los factores desencadenantes de la conjuntivitis alérgica en niños y adolescentes. Método: revisión integradora, se realizó en 6 pasos - elaboración de la pregunta guía; búsqueda o muestreo en la literatura; recogida de datos; análisis crítico de los estudios incluidos; Discusión de los resultados y presentación de la revisión integradora. Se utilizó la lista de verificación prisma-scr para buscar y seleccionar los artículos, a través de Descriptors in Health Science and Medical Subject Headings, en bases de datos lilas, vía Biblioteca Virtual en Salud, MEDLINE, vía PubMed y ScienceDirect. Los estudios con niños (hasta 10 años y años) y adolescentes (10 a 19 años) que abordan los factores desencadenantes de la conjuntivitis alérgica se consideraron como criterios de inclusión. La selección de los estudios fue realizada por dos investigadores independientes. Los artículos fueron organizados dentro del software Mendeley y los resultados presentados en tablas, con posterior discusión narrativa. Resultado: De la búsqueda primaria, se encontraron 4769 artículos y después de aplicar los criterios de exclusión e inclusión, 17 artículos fueron elegibles para esta revisión integradora. La mayoría de las publicaciones se realizaron en Asia (9) y se celebraron en los años 2018-2020. Los principales factores de riesgo encontrados fueron: polvo (8), pelo de animal (5), ácaros (4), uso de antibióticos en la infancia y antecedentes de otras alergias (3). Consideraciones finales: la mayoría de los factores de riesgo encontrados son prevenibles, por lo que se deben identificar estos factores y buscar medidas para reducir su incidencia.
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