SÍNDROME INFLAMATORIO MULTISISTÉMICO PEDIÁTRICO (SIM-P) RELACIONADO CON COVID-19: UNA ALERTA NECESARIA
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.47820/recima21.v4i3.2918Palabras clave:
coronavirus-2 del síndrome respiratorio agudo severo (SARS-CoV-2)Resumen
El coronavirus-2 del síndrome respiratorio agudo severo (SARS-CoV-2), responsable de la enfermedad por coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19), causa una enfermedad com presentación clínica variable, desde pacientes asintomáticos hasta cuadros infecciosos respiratorios graves. Estudios recientes han demostrado que los pacientes pediátricos presentan semanas después del contacto com SARS-CoV-2 una respuesta inmunitaria exacerbada, conocida como síndrome inflamatório multisistémico pediátrico (SIM-P). Objetivo: Conocer las características del SIM-P en el contexto de la pandemia de COVID-19 en niños. Metodología: Revisión bibliográfica integrativa realizada em las siguientes bases de datos: PUBMED/Medline, Periódicos/CAPES y SciELO, utilizando los términos "Síndrome Inflamatória Multissistêmica Pediátrica" y "COVID-19".Criterios de inclusión: estudios publicados entre marzo de 2020 y octubre de 2021, sin restricción de idioma, excluyendo noticias, notificaciones, comentários o cartas de presentación. Resultados: Los pacientes suelen ser de edad avanzada, hispanos, latinos y afrodescendientes. Los sintomas fiebre, lesiones cutáneo-mucosas, fatiga, mialgia, sintomas gastrointestinales, respiratorios, cardiovasculares y neurológicos y, clínicamente, presenta similitudes com la enfermedad de Kawasaki. Se cree que la enfermedad se desencadena por un proceso mediado por anticuerpos y/o inmunocomplejos en respuesta a una infección previa, que da lugar a una intensa respuesta inflamatoria sistémica con aumento de citocinas proinflamatorias como IL-1,IL-6,TNF-α. Los pacientes fueron tratados con inmunomoduladores y esteroides y la mayoría mostró una mejoría de los sintomas en poços días. Conclusión: SARS-CoV-2 tiene un papel central en el desarrollo de SIM-P y por lo tanto, siendo importante la identificación temprana y el diagnóstico de SIM-P para tratar a los pacientes y prevenir las complicaciones de manera eficaz.
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