INFLUENCIA DE LA ACTIVIDAD FÍSICA EN LA PREVENCIÓN DE LA SARCOPENIA: REVISIÓN BIBLIOGRÁFICA
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.47820/recima21.v5i5.5201Palabras clave:
Sarcopenia, Actividad Física, Prevención, Ejercicio, Masa Muscular, Ancianos y Vejez.Resumen
Introducción: La sarcopenia, caracterizada por la pérdida progresiva y generalizada de masa y fuerza muscular esquelética, se ha destacado como uno de los principales factores de riesgo de reducción de la calidad de vida y aumento de la morbimortalidad en las personas mayores). Objetivo: Esta revisión bibliográfica pretende analizar la influencia de la actividad física en la prevención de la sarcopenia. Métodos: Esta revisión bibliográfica se llevó a cabo mediante la búsqueda de la literatura científica publicada en los últimos 20 años, abarcando el período comprendido entre 2004 y 2024, utilizando criterios específicos de inclusión y exclusión y bases de datos electrónicas: PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus y Google Scholar. Resultados y Discusión: La sarcopenia es el resultado de una interacción multifactorial que incluye alteraciones musculares, inflamación crónica, desequilibrios hormonales e influencias ambientales. La actividad física regular, especialmente el entrenamiento de fuerza y resistencia, ha demostrado ser eficaz en la prevención de la sarcopenia al promover adaptaciones musculares beneficiosas y reducir la pérdida muscular relacionada con la edad. Integrar la actividad física en la rutina de las personas mayores también tiene beneficios indirectos, como la mejora del metabolismo, la reducción del riesgo de enfermedades crónicas y el fomento de la salud mental. Conclusión: Comprender los mecanismos fisiopatológicos de la sarcopenia es crucial para desarrollar estrategias preventivas y terapéuticas eficaces. La actividad física regular, adaptada a las necesidades individuales, puede ayudar a reducir el riesgo de sarcopenia.
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