TRAUMA EN LA INFANCIA Y LA ADOLESCENCIA: IMPACTOS PROFUNDOS EN EL DESARROLLO A LO LARGO DE LA VIDA - UNA REVISIÓN DE LA LITERATURA SOBRE EL TEPT DESDE UNA PERSPECTIVA EPIGENÉTICA
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https://doi.org/10.47820/recima21.v5i1.5593Palabras clave:
Perspectiva epigenética, Traumas de la infancia, AdolescenciaResumen
Este artículo aborda la importancia crítica de la infancia y la adolescencia en el desarrollo humano, destacando cómo estos períodos influyen en la maduración del cerebro y el crecimiento emocional. Las intensas transformaciones en esta fase, tanto estructurales como funcionales en el cerebro, están determinadas por complejas interacciones entre factores genéticos y ambientales. Es evidente que los eventos traumáticos durante la infancia, como el maltrato, pueden dejar marcas profundas en el desarrollo neurológico y psicológico, aumentando el riesgo de trastornos mentales, incluido el trastorno de estrés postraumático (TEPT). Estos traumas no solo afectan el bienestar emocional inmediato, sino que también pueden alterar la expresión génica a través de mecanismos epigenéticos como la metilación del ADN. La epigenética se ha convertido en un campo crucial para comprender cómo las experiencias adversas de la infancia pueden afectar la salud a lo largo de la vida. Los cambios en la metilación del ADN y otros procesos epigenéticos se han relacionado con diferencias en la regulación génica relacionada con el estrés y la respuesta emocional. Estos conocimientos no solo dilucidan los mecanismos biológicos que subyacen a los trastornos psiquiátricos, sino que también proporcionan la base para estrategias preventivas y terapéuticas más efectivas destinadas a mitigar los efectos adversos del trauma infantil.
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