CORRECCIÓN QUIRÚRGICA DE LA SONRISA GINGIVAL CAUSADA POR ALTERACIÓN DE LA ERUPCIÓN PASIVA E HIPERMOVILIDAD DE LOS LABIOS: REVISIÓN INTEGRATIVA DE LA LITERATURA
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.47820/recima21.v5i10.5814Palabras clave:
Gingivectomía. , Gingivoplastia. , OsteotomíaResumen
El sorriso gengival, una preocupación estética y psicológica, se asocia principalmente con erupción pasiva alterada (EPA) e hipermovilidad labial, causando una exposición excesiva de la encía. Este estudio tiene como objetivo identificar la técnica quirúrgica más eficaz para corregir estas condiciones. A través de una revisión bibliográfica, se analizaron 24 artículos publicados entre 2014 y 2024 en portugués, inglés y español, los cuales abordaron tratamientos quirúrgicos para EPA e hipermovilidad labial. Se investigaron técnicas como la gingivectomía y el colgajo posicionado apicalmente, con o sin remodelación ósea, para el tratamiento de EPA. Además, se revisaron seis técnicas quirúrgicas para el reposicionamiento labial en casos de hipermovilidad labial. Los resultados indicaron que el tratamiento de la EPA debe ser personalizado según las necesidades del paciente, ya que todas las técnicas revisadas mostraron ser efectivas en la reducción de la exposición de las encías. Para la hipermovilidad labial, la miotomía con sutura de poliéster se destacó por su eficacia, aunque está asociada a posibles complicaciones postoperatorias. En pacientes con etiologías combinadas, como EPA e hipermovilidad labial, puede ser necesario implementar tratamientos combinados para garantizar resultados estéticos más duraderos y satisfactorios. La elección de la técnica adecuada depende de la evaluación detallada de las características individuales de cada caso.
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