EL ESTRÉS OXIDATIVO Y LA SEÑALIZACIÓN INFLAMATORIA COMO MARCADORES DE LA OBESIDAD: UNA BREVE REVISIÓN NARRATIVA
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.47820/recima21.v3i8.1746Palabras clave:
estrés oxidativo es la reducción de la capacidadResumen
El estrés oxidativo es la reducción de la capacidad de los agentes antioxidantes y el aumento de la producción de especies reactivas de oxígeno o de nitrógeno. Cuando se liberan en exceso, causando efectos deletéreos en las proteínas, daño y fragmentación del ADN, lo que conduce a ciertas enfermedades inflamatorias y oxidativas. Los radicales libres (RL) son moléculas con electrones no apareados en su órbita externa, con gran inestabilidad y alta reactividad. Además, las investigaciones alertan de la cantidad y acumulación de tejido adiposo visceral, presente en los individuos obesos, que puede aumentar el proceso de inflamación, activando una vía de señalización por parte de los neutrófilos que da lugar a la generación de especies reactivas. Actualmente, el tejido adiposo ya no se considera sólo un depósito de células grasas, sino un órgano endocrino, que libera sustancias como la adiponectina, la resistina, la IL-6, el inhibidor del activador del plasminógeno-1 (PAI-1) y el factor de necrosis tumoral alfa (TNF-α). Existe una relación y asociación entre el desequilibrio y la liberación de estas sustancias con el aumento del índice de masa corporal y la dislipidemia, lo que conlleva el desencadenamiento de un proceso inflamatorio, con cambios en la respuesta inmunitaria y en la producción de especies reactivas, provocando estrés oxidativo, favoreciendo así la aparición de enfermedades como la obesidad, la diabetes, la resistencia a la insulina, la inflamación, las enfermedades cardiovasculares, la aterosclerosis y el síndrome metabólico.
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