THE PEDAGOGICAL INTERVENTION ON BULLYING IN THE SCHOOL ENVIRONMENT

Authors

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.47820/recima21.v3i4.1278

Keywords:

Bullying, School, Pedagogy

Abstract

Bullying generates worrying psychological effects on the victim. She feels fragile, especially if she is afraid to report her abusers. Bullying can cause a child or teenager to have anxiety attacks, drop out of school and, in extreme cases, the worst can occur, with numerous reports of suicides committed by teenagers who are bullied. In this perspective, the general objective of this work was to address the difference between pedagogical intervention projects in the fight against bullying in the school environment in the United States of America and in Brazil. Specifically, this work sought to discuss bullying and its consequences; analyze the pedagogical intervention projects in the fight against bullying in the school environment in a global, American and Brazilian perspective, consecutively; and, to present the Law nº 13.185 and its peculiarities. The study was based on bibliographic research and expository methodologies aiming to discuss the theme. It was concluded that school policies should reflect best practices informed by scientific research and, therefore, greater reliance on evidence-based practices and rejection of disciplinary practices that are known to be ineffective is recommended. Because bullying behavior is so pervasive and so varied in form and severity, relying on criminal sanctions does not seem to be the best course of action. A strategy that combines education, school interventions and policy reform leading to cultural change seems more appropriate.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

Author Biography

Gabriela Maia de Souza

Lawyer enrolled in OAB and at the International Bar Association (IBA). Specialist in Public, International, Tax, Digital, Criminal and Criminal Procedure, Maritime, Medical and Hospital Law. LLM in Contract Law and With Executive MBAs in the Areas of; International Business and Foreign Trade, Controllership and Finance, Executive Project Management, Oil and Gas, People and Human Resources Management, Marketing and Social Networks and Competitive Management and Business Intelligence (BI). Pedagogue Specialized in; Psychopedagogy, Neuroscience and Communication in a corporate environment and Institutional, Clinical and Hospital Neuro Psychopedagogy.

 

References

ADALID, M. M. The Supreme Court of the United States 283-284. EUA: Porrúa, 2012.

ALLEY, R.; LIMBER, S. P. Legal issues for school personnel. New York, NY: Guilford Press, 2009.

ALMEIDA, G. A. O sistema jurídico nos estados unidos - common law e carreiras jurídicas (judges, prosecutors e lawyers): o que poderia ser útil para a reforma do sistema processual brasileiro? Revista de Processo, vol. 251, 2016.

ALUEDE, O. et al. A review of the extent, nature, characteristics, and effects of bullying behaviour in schools. Journal of Instructional Psychology, vol. 35, 2008, pp. 151–158.

BLANCHFIELD, L. The United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child: Background and policy issues. Congressional Research Service, 2009.

BLAYA, C. Violences et maltraitances en milieu scolaire. Paris: Armand Colin, 2006.

BOYCE, S. G. The obsolescence of San Antonio v Rodgriguez in the wake of the federal government’s quest to leave no child behind. Duke Law Journal, vol. 61, 2012, pp. 1025–1066.

BRASIL. Ministério da Saúde, Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística, Ministério do Planejamento, Orçamento e Gestão. Pesquisa Nacional de Saúde do Escolar 2012. Rio de Janeiro, RJ: IBGE, 2013.

BRASIL. Lei nº 13.185, de 6 de novembro de 2015. Institui o Institui o Programa de Combate à Intimidação Sistemática (Bullying). Diário Oficial da União: seção 1, Brasília, DF, ano CLII 213, p. 1, 9 nov. 2015. Disponível em: http://www.planalto.gov.br/ccivil_03/_Ato20152018/2015/Lei/ L13185.htm. Acesso em: 15 de março de 2021.

CASCARDI, M. et al. The problem with overly broad definitions of bullying: Implications for the schoolhouse, the statehouse, and the ivory tower. Journal of School Violence, vol. 13, 2014, pp. 253–276.

CHALAMANDORIS, A. G.; PIETTE, D. School-based anti-bullying interventions: Systematic review of the methodology to assess their effectiveness. Aggression and Violent Behavior, vol. 24, 2015, pp. 131–174.

CHALITA, G. Pedagogia da Amizade: bullying - o sofrimento das vítimas e dos agressores. 3. ed. São Paulo: Editora Gente, 2008.

CHESTER, K.L; CALLAGHAN, M; COSMA, A. et al. Cross-national time trends in bullying victimization in 33 countries among children aged 11, 13 and 15 from 2002 to 2010. European Journal of Public Health, v.25, n.2, p.61-64, 2015..

CHRISPINO, Á.; CHRISPINO, R. S. P. A Judicialização das Relações Escolares e a Responsabilidade Civil dos Educadores. Ensaio - avaliação e políticas públicas em Educação, Rio de Janeiro, vol. 16, no. 58, 2008, pp. 9-30.

CORNELL, D.; COLE, J. Assessment of bullying. Mahwah: Routledge, 2011.

CORNELL, D.; HUANG, F. Use of peer nominations to identify victims of bullying. Manuscript submitted for publication, 2014.

DEROSIER, M. E. Building relationships and combating bullying: Effectiveness of a school-based social skills group intervention. Journal of Clinical Child and Adolescent Psychology, v. 33, n.1, p. 196–201, 2004.

CORNELL, D.; LIMBER, S. P. Law and policy on the concept of bullying at school. American Psychologist, v. 70, n. 4, pp. 333–343, 2015.

DAVIS V. MONROE COUNTY BOARD OF EDUCATION, 526 U.S. 629, 1999.

DEROSIER, M. E. Building relationships and combatingbullying: Effectiveness of a school-based social skills groupintervention. Journal of Clinical Child and Adolescent Psychology, v. 33, n. 1, pp. 196–201, 2004.

DÍAS, J. de A. Responsabilidade Civil. Rio de Janeiro: Forense, 1994.

EVANS, C. B. R.; FRASER, M. W.; COTTER, K. L. The effectiveness of school-based bullying prevention programs: A systematic review. Aggression and Violent Behavior, v. 19, n. 5, pp. 532–544, 2014.

FARRINGTON, D. P. Understanding and preventing bullying. In: TONRY, Dans M. (Ed.). Crime and Justice. Chicago: University Chicago Press, 1993, pp. 381-458.

FARRINGTON, D. P.; TTOFI, M. M. School-based programs to reduce bullying and victimization. Campbell Systematic Reviews, v. 6, 2009. Disponível em: https://osbha.org/files/School-Based%20Programs%20to%20Reduce%20Bullying%20and%20Victimization,%20Farrington%20et%20al,.pdf. Acesso em: 9 Fev. 2022.

FOSSE, G. K. Mental health of psychiatric outpatients bullied in childhood. Université de Norvège: Trondheim, 2006.

FRIEDMAN, L. M. A History of American Law. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2019.

GARNER, B. A. Black's law dictionary. Estados Unidos: Thomson West, 1990.

GENERAL ACCOUNTING OFFICE. School bullying: Extent of legal protections for vulnerable groups needs to be more fully assessed. 2012. Disponível em: http://www.gao.gov/products/GAO-12-785T. Acesso em: 15 de março de 2021.

GINI, G. Associations between bullying behaviour, psychosomatic complaints, emotional and behavioural problems. Journal of Paediatrics and Child Health, v. 44, n. 9, pp. 492–497, 2008.

GLEW, G. et al. Bullying, psychosocial adjustment, and academic performance in elementary school. Archives of Pediatric Adolescence, v. 159, n. 11, pp. 1026–1031, 2005.

GREEN, J. G. et al. Identifying bully victims: Definitional versus behavioral approaches. Psychological Assessment, v. 25, n. 2, pp. 651–657, 2013.

GRIEF, J. L.; FURLONG, M. J. The assessment of school bullying. Journal of School Violence, v. 5, pp. 33–50, 2006.

HUGHES, G. Common Law Systems. Fundamentals of American Law. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1996.

JIMÉNEZ-BARBERO, J.A; RUIZ-HERNÁNDEZ, J.A; LLOR-ZARAGOZA, L. et al. Effectiveness of anti-bullying school programs: A meta analysis. Children and Youth Services Review, v.61, p.165–175, 2016.

JOLLIFFE, D.; FARRINGTON, D. P. Examining the relationship between low empathy and bullying. Aggressive Behavior, v. 32, N. 6, pp. 540–550, 2006.

_____. Is low empathy related to bullying after controlling for individual and social background variables? Journal of Adolescence, v. 34, N. 1, pp. 59–71, 2011.

KELLY, E. V. et al. Suicidality, internalizing problems and externalizing problems among adolescent bullies, victims and bully-victims. Preventive Medicine, v. 73, pp. 100–105, 2015.

KUBISZEWSKI, V. et al. Évaluation du bullying scolaire (harcèlement scolaire) chez les adolescents français: validité de l’adaptation française du questionnaire Agresseur/Victime révisé d’Olweus (1996). Annales médico-psychologiques, v. 172, n. 4, pp. 261–267, 2012.

KVARME, L. G. et al. School children’s experience of being bullied – And how they envisage their dream day. Scandinavian Journal of Caring Sciences, v. 24, pp. 791–798, 2010.

L. W. V. TOMS RIVER REGIONAL SCHOOLS BOARD OF EDUCATION, 189 N.J. 381 (N.J. 2007).

MALTA, D.C; PORTO, D.L; CRESPO, C.D. et al. Bullying em escolares brasileiros: análise da Pesquisa Nacional de Saúde do Escolar (PeNSE 2012). Revista Brasileira de Epidemiologia, SUPPL PeNSE, p.92-105, 2014.

MARCUS, K. L. Bullying as a civil rights violation: The U.S. Department of Education’s approach to harassment. Engage, v. 12, pp. 54– 58, 2011.

MARRAN, P. B. Columbine: o massacre que apresentou o bullying ao mundo. Canal Ciências Criminais, 2018. Disponível em: https://canalcienciascrimina-is.com.br/columbine-massacre-bullying/. Acesso em: 18 de abril de 2021.

MATA DIZ, J. B.; MARTINS, T. P. Acoso Escolar y la Protección de los Derechos de los Niños y Adolescentes. Educação e Realidade, Porto Alegre, v. 42, n. 3, pp. 1001-1018, 2017.

MERRELL, K. W. et al. How effective are school bullying intervention programs? A meta-analysis of intervention research. School Psychology Quarterly. v. 23, n. 1, pp. 26–42, mar., 2008

MESQUITA, A. P. S. L. Lei antibullying 13.663/18 e seu reflexo jurídico nas escolas. Migalhas, 2018. Disponível em: https://www.migalhas.com.br/depeso/280614/lei-antibullying-13-663-18-e-seu-reflexo-juridico-nas-escolas. Acesso em: 18 de abril de 2021.

MODECKI, K. L. et al. Bulling prevalence across contexts: A meta-analysis measuring cyber and traditional bullying. Adolescent of Health, v. 55, n. 5, pp. 602–611, nov., 2014.

OLIVEIRA-MENEGOTTO, L.M; PASINI, A.I; LEVANDOWSKI, G. O bullying escolar no Brasil: uma revisão de artigos científicos. Revista Psicologia: Teoria e Prática, v.15, n.2, p.203-215, 2013.

OLSEN, E. O. et al. School violence and bullying among sexual minority high school students, 2009–2011. Journal of Adolescent Health, v. 55, n. 3, pp. 432–438, sep., 2014.

OLWEUS, D. Bullying at school: What we know and what we can do. Oxford: Blackwell, 1993.

_____. Violences entre élèves, harcèlement et brutalités: les faits, les solutions. Paris, France: ESF éditeur, 1999.

_____. Bullying at school and later criminality: Findings from three Swedish community samples of males. Criminal Behaviour and Mental Health, v. 21, pp. 151–156, 2011.

ORGANISATION MONDIALE DE LA SANTÉ (OMS). CIM 10 – Classification Internationale des troubles mentaux et des troubles du comportement: descriptions cliniques et directives pour le diagnostic. Paris: Masson, 1983.

PATCHIN, J. W.; HINDUJA, S. Bullies move beyond the schoolyard: a preliminary look at cyberbullying. Youth Violence and Juvenile Justice, v. 4, n. 2, pp. 148–169, apr., 2006.

PESTANA, D. M. Le harcèlement au collège: les différentes faces de la violence scolaire. Paris: Karthala, 2013.

SALMIVALLI, C.; KÄRNÄ, A.; POSKIPARTA, E. Counteracting bullying in Finland: The KiVa program and its effects on different forms of being bullied. International Journal of Behavioral Development, v. 35, n. 5, pp. 405–411, jul., 2011.

SALMON, G.; JAMES, A.; SMITH, D. M. Bullying in schools: Self-reported anxiety, depression, and self-esteem in secondary school children. British Medical Journal, v. 317, n. 3, pp. 924–925, oct., 1998.

SEMPERTEGUI, G. A. et al. Schema therapy for borderline personality disorder: a comprehensive review of its empirical foundations, effectiveness and implementation possibilities. Clinical Psychology Review, v. 33, n. 3, pp. 426–447, apr., 2013

SHORE REGIONAL HIGH SCHOOL BOARD OF EDUCATION, v. P.S. 41, IDELR 234, 381 F.3d 194, (3d Cir. 8/30/04).

STOP BULLYING. Laws, Policies & Regulations. Site Americano Stop Bullying, 2018. Disponível em: https://www.stopbullying.gov/resources/laws. Acesso em: 15 de abril de 2021.

_____. Prevention at School. Stop Bullying, 2017. Disponível em: https://www.stopbullying.gov/ prevention/at-school. Acesso em: 15 de abril de 2021.

TELLES, G. Justiça condena escola do DF a indenizar aluna por bullying. G1, 2015. Disponível em: http://g1.globo.com/jornal-hoje/noticia/2015/05/justica-condena-escola-do-df-indenizar-aluna-por-bullying.html. Acesso em: 15 de março de 2021.

TTOFI, M. M.; FARRINGTON, D. P. Effectiveness of school-based programs to reduce bullying: A systematic and meta-analytic review. Journal of Experimental Criminology, v. 7, n. 1, pp. 27–56, 2010.

TTOFI, M. M. et al. The predictive efficiency of school bullying versus later offending: a systematic/meta-analytic review of longitudinal studies. Criminal Behavior and Mental Health, v. 21, n. 2, apr., pp. 80–89, 2011.

UNITED NATIONS GENERAL ASSEMBLY. Convention on the Rights of the Child, 1989. Disponível em: http://www.ohchr.org/documents/professionalinterest/crc.pdf. Acesso em: 15 de março de 2021.

U.S. DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION. Analysis of state bullying laws and policies. Washington, DC: Author, 2011.

U.S. DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION, OFFICE FOR CIVIL RIGHTS. Dear colleague letter: Harassment and bullying. 2010. Disponível em: http://www2.ed.gov/about/offices/list/ocr/letters/ colleague-201010.pdf. Acesso em: 15 de março de 2021.

U.S. DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION, OFFICE OF SPECIAL EDUCATION AND REHABILITATIVE SERVICES. Dear colleague letter: bullying of students with disabilities, 2013. Disponível em: http://www2.ed.gov/policy/speced/guid/ide-a/memosdcltrs/bullyingdcl-8-20-13.pdf. Acesso em: 15 de março de 2021.

VEENSTRA, R. et al. Bullying and victimization in elementary schools: A comparison of bullies, victims, bully-victims, and uninvolved preadolescents. Developmental Psychology, v. 41, n. 4, pp. 672–682, apr., 2005.

VILA, G. Violences et évènements traumatiques en milieu scolaire. Stress et trauma, v. 9, n. 4, pp. 228–230, 2009.

YBARRA, M. L.; ESPELAGE, D. L.; MITCHELL, K. J. Differentiating youth who are bullied from other victims of peer-aggression: The importance of differential power and repetition. Journal of Adolescent Health, v. 55, n. 2, pp. 293–300, Apr., 2014

WALLETHUB. States with the Biggest Bullying Problems, 2018. Disponível em: https://wallethub.com/edu/e/best-worst-states-at-controlling-bullying/9920. Acesso em: 15 de março de 2021.

Published

02/04/2022

How to Cite

Maia de Souza, G. (2022). THE PEDAGOGICAL INTERVENTION ON BULLYING IN THE SCHOOL ENVIRONMENT. RECIMA21 - Revista Científica Multidisciplinar - ISSN 2675-6218, 3(4), e341278. https://doi.org/10.47820/recima21.v3i4.1278