CEFALEIA PÓS-PUNÇÃO DURAL EM RAQUIANESTESIA: UMA REVISÃO BIBLIOGRÁFICA SOBRE INCIDÊNCIA, FATORES DE RISCO E ESTRATÉGIAS DE MANEJO
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.47820/recima21.v5i6.5321Palavras-chave:
Cefaleia pós-punção dural. Raquianestesia. Incidência, fatores de risco. Estratégias de manejo.Resumo
A cefaleia pós-punção dural (CPPD) é uma complicação comum e debilitante após a raquianestesia, impactando negativamente a recuperação dos pacientes e aumentando os custos de saúde. Objetivo: Esta revisão bibliográfica tem como objetivo abordar sobre a incidência, fatores de risco e estratégias de manejo da CPPD em pacientes submetidos à raquianestesia. Métodos: Esta revisão bibliográfica foi conduzida por meio de uma busca sistemática na literatura científica publicada nos últimos 15 anos, abrangendo o período de 2009 a 2024, nas bases de dados PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus e Google Scholar. Os critérios de inclusão foram estudos originais e revisões em inglês, português ou espanhol, que investigaram estratégias de intervenção para CPPD. Excluíram-se relatos de caso, editoriais e estudos focados em outras condições médicas. Resultados e Discussão: A incidência da CPPD varia de 0,1% a 36%, sendo influenciada pela técnica anestésica e características do paciente. Fatores de risco incluem idade, sexo feminino e gravidez. A escolha de agulhas de menor calibre e com ponta de lápis reduz a incidência de CPPD. Técnicas de punção orientadas por ultrassonografia minimizam punções traumáticas. O manejo conservador, incluindo hidratação e uso de analgésicos é eficaz em casos leves. O blood patch epidural é o tratamento padrão-ouro para casos graves, enquanto derivados de cafeína são uma alternativa promissora. Conclusão: Esta revisão destaca a importância de uma abordagem multifacetada na prevenção e manejo da CPPD, integrando práticas baseadas em evidências, educação contínua dos profissionais de saúde e pesquisa contínua.
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