COMPARISON OF RITUXIMAB, AZATHIOPRINE AND MYCOPHENOLATE MOFETIL IN THE MANAGEMENT OF NEUROMYELITIS OPTICA SPECTRUM DISORDERS: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.47820/recima21.v6i5.6373Keywords:
Rituximab. Azathioprine. Mycophenolate Mofetil. Neuromyelitis Optica.Abstract
Neuromyelitis optica (NMO) is a severe autoimmune condition that affects the central nervous system, particularly the optic nerves and spinal cord, and is more common in females, with a gender ratio ranging from 4:1 to 9:1. Methodology: This study consisted of a systematic review conducted through the Scopus, PubMed® and SciELO databases, using the descriptors: rituximab, neuromyelitis optica and treatment. Studies published in the last 8 years, without language restrictions, that addressed the topic were included. Results and discussions: Reduced-dose rituximab regimens significantly reduced the annualized relapse rate (ARR) and the need for steroids, in addition to presenting a lower incidence of adverse events and better tolerability. Furthermore, rituximab and MMF were safer than AZA, with fewer serious adverse effects reported. Conclusions: It was concluded that treatment with rituximab, compared to AZA and MMF, presented solid results and fewer adverse events and better tolerance, in addition to lower steroid consumption. However, further studies are needed to optimize its use in specific subgroups.
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