HYPOTHYROIDISM: A LITERATURE REVIEW ON ETIOLOGIES, DIAGNOSIS AND THERAPEUTIC APPROACHES
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.47820/recima21.v5i4.5100Keywords:
Hypothyroidism. Etiology. Diagnosis. Therapeutic behaviorsAbstract
Introduction: Hypothyroidism is a common endocrine condition characterized by insufficient production of thyroid hormones. This dysfunction affects approximately 4.6% of the world population, with a higher prevalence in women and the elderly. Objective: Review the etiologies, diagnosis and treatment of hypothyroidism. Methodology: This is a bibliographic review, using articles present in the following databases: PubMed, Web of Science and Scopus. Original articles and systematic reviews in English and Portuguese published between 2013 and 2024, which addressed hypothyroidism, were included. After analysis, 31 articles were selected to prepare this bibliographic review. Results and Discussion: Among the main etiologies discussed are autoimmune disorders, such as Hashimoto's thyroiditis, treatment with radioactive iodine, nutritional deficiencies and the effects of medications. Laboratory tests, such as measuring TSH (thyroid-stimulating hormone), free T4 and antithyroid antibodies, are essential for diagnosing hypothyroidism. Hormone replacement therapy with levothyroxine, a synthetic thyroxine (T4) hormone, is the main therapeutic approach for primary hypothyroidism. Conclusion: Hypothyroidism is a common endocrine condition that significantly affects patients' quality of life.
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