SURGICAL CORRECTION OF GUM SMILE CAUSED BY ALTERED PASSIVE ERUPTION AND LIP HYPERMOBILITY: INTEGRATIVE LITERATURE REVIEW
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.47820/recima21.v5i10.5814Keywords:
Osteotomy, Gingivoplasty, GingivectomyAbstract
A harmonious smile is essential for facial aesthetics and self-confidence, and gummy smile is a common concern that affects many individuals. The main causes include Altered Passive Eruption (EPA) and lip hypermobility, leading to excessive gingival exposure and causing aesthetic and psychological discomfort. The objective of this study is to identify the most effective surgical technique to correct gummy smile, with a specific focus on EPA and lip hypermobility. The literature review was conducted using the PICO strategy, examining articles in the VHL Regional Portal and PubMed databases, from April to October 2024, in Portuguese, English and Spanish. Articles published between 2014 and 2024 and their references were included. Articles that did not specifically address periodontal surgical treatment for gummy smile or that were unavailable in full were excluded. The review included 24 articles that discuss techniques such as gingivectomy and apically positioned flap, with or without bone remodeling, for the treatment of EPA. In addition, six lip repositioning techniques to correct lip hypermobility were discussed, as well as case reports with combined etiologies. In conclusion, the treatment of EPA should be personalized, with all techniques showing efficacy. For lip hypermobility, myotomy with polyester suture was effective, although with possible complications. Patients with multiple etiologies may require combined treatments to obtain more lasting aesthetic results.
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