CÁNCER DE ESÓFAGO Y OBESIDAD COMO FACTOR DE RIESGO
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.47820/recima21.v6i3.6280Palabras clave:
Câncer esofágico. Obesidade. Adenocarcinoma esofágico. Endoscopia. Refluxo gastroesofágico. Esôfago de Barrett.Resumen
El cáncer de esófago es el séptimo cáncer más común en el mundo y presenta altas tasas de mortalidad, especialmente cuando se diagnostica tardíamente. En Brasil, se observa un aumento significativo en las tasas de mortalidad y en la realización de endoscopias para el diagnóstico precoz. La obesidad, que también está en aumento en el país, es un factor de riesgo importante para el adenocarcinoma esofágico, principalmente debido a su relación con el reflujo gastroesofágico y el esófago de Barrett. Esta revisión sistemática integrativa tiene como objetivo analizar la asociación entre obesidad y cáncer de esófago, utilizando 43 estudios relevantes encontrados en las bases de datos PubMed, Scielo y Science Direct. Los resultados indican que la obesidad aumenta significativamente el riesgo de cáncer de esófago, al promover un entorno inflamatorio crónico y resistencia a la insulina. A pesar de que la obesidad es un factor de riesgo importante, el fenómeno del "paradoja de la obesidad" sugiere que los pacientes obesos diagnosticados con cáncer de esófago pueden tener mejores tasas de supervivencia.
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