LA RED ENTRE EL COVID-19 Y LAS ENFERMEDADES AUTOINMUNES: UNA REVISIÓN DE LA LITERATURA
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.47820/recima21.v3i10.2086Palabras clave:
Autoanticuerpos, COVID-19, Enfermedad autoinmuneResumen
Introducción: COVID-19 es una enfermedad infecciosa causada por el coronavirus-2 asociado al síndrome respiratorio agudo severo (SARS-CoV-2). Aunque la mayoría de los individuos infectados son asintomáticos, una proporción de pacientes con COVID-19 desarrollan una enfermedad grave con daños en múltiples órganos. Objetivo: El presente estudio tenía como objetivo correlacionar las enfermedades autoinmunes con los mecanismos desencadenados por la infección por el SARS-CoV-2. Metodología: Para este estudio se utilizaron las bases de datos del Center for Biotechnology Information (PubMed) y de la Scientific Eletronic Library Online (SciELO). Como criterio de inclusión se seleccionaron los artículos derivados de la correlación de las enfermedades autoinmunes con la COVID-19. Desarrollo: Los estudios han dilucidado que el SARS-CoV-2 puede alterar la autotolerancia y desencadenar respuestas inmunitarias a través de la reactividad cruzada con las células del huésped, lo que culmina en la producción de autoanticuerpos y, en consecuencia, en el desarrollo de enfermedades autoinmunes. Sin embargo, el riesgo de infección y el pronóstico de COVID-19 en pacientes con enfermedades autoinmunes sigue siendo controvertido, y se necesitan más estudios para comprender la complejidad de la correlación entre el virus y el desencadenamiento de estas enfermedades. Conclusión: La comprensión de los mecanismos inmunológicos implicados es de importancia fundamental, y puede abrir nuevas vías para el diseño de terapias eficaces.
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