MECANISMOS FISIOPATOLÓGICOS Y MANEJO TERAPÉUTICO EN EL SÍNDROME DE OVARIO POLIQUÍSTICO: UNA REVISIÓN BIBLIOGRÁFICA
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.47820/recima21.v5i4.5094Palabras clave:
Síndrome del Ovario Poliquístico, Fisiopatología, TerapéuticaResumen
Introducción: El Síndrome de Ovario Poliquístico (SOP) es una afección endocrina compleja que afecta a mujeres en edad reproductiva, presentando una amplia gama de manifestaciones clínicas y metabólicas. Objetivo: analizar los mecanismos fisiopatológicos y abordajes terapéuticos del SOP, proporcionando una síntesis actualizada de la literatura científica. Metodología: Se trata de una revisión bibliográfica, utilizando artículos presentes en las siguientes bases de datos: PubMed, Scopus y SciELO, se incluyeron artículos originales y revisiones sistemáticas en inglés y portugués publicados entre 2013 y 2024, que abordaron mecanismos fisiopatológicos y abordajes terapéuticos del SOP. Luego del análisis, se seleccionaron 37 artículos para elaborar esta revisión bibliográfica. Resultados y Discusión: El SOP es una enfermedad heterogénea caracterizada por hiperandrogenismo, ovulación disfuncional y morfología de ovario poliquístico, acompañada de anomalías metabólicas como resistencia a la insulina y obesidad. Los enfoques terapéuticos para el síndrome de ovario poliquístico van desde intervenciones farmacológicas hasta modificaciones del estilo de vida. Los tratamientos farmacológicos tienen como objetivo normalizar los niveles hormonales, restaurar la ovulación y mejorar los síntomas clínicos, incluidos anticonceptivos orales combinados, antiandrógenos y sensibilizadores de insulina como la metformina. Conclusión: El síndrome de ovario poliquístico sigue siendo una condición desafiante para pacientes y profesionales de la salud, dada su complejidad fisiopatológica y diversas manifestaciones clínicas.
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